Extending quantum probabilistic error cancellation by noise scaling

We propose a general framework for quantum error mitigation that combines and generalizes two techniques: probabilistic cancellation (PEC) zero-noise extrapolation (ZNE). Similar to PEC, the proposed method represents ideal operations as linear combinations of noisy are implementable on hardware. However, instead assuming fixed level hardware noise, we extend set by noise scaling. By construction, this encompasses both PEC ZNE particular cases allows us investigate larger hybrid techniques. For example, gate can be used implement without requiring knowledge device's model, e.g., avoiding gate-set tomography. Alternatively, reduction estimate expectation values at intermediate virtual strengths (below level), leading partially mitigated results lower sampling cost. Moreover, multiple obtained with different noise-reduction factors further postprocessed better approximate limit.